Ukuphepha kwemishini yasendlini kuya ngokuya kubaluleke kakhulu kuwo wonke umuntu.Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kukagesi, zonke izinhlobo zezinto ezikwazi ukuphula isekethe zenziwe.Kubandakanya amadivayisi okuvikela ukuhlinza, izibambisi zombani, Amadivayisi Amanje Asele (RCD noma i-RCCB), izivikeli ezinamandla kakhulu.Kodwa wonke umuntu akacaci ukuthi uyini umehluko phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo zamadivayisi okuvikela.Manje sizowusho umehluko phakathi kwesivikeli sokuhlinza, izibambisi zombani, isivikeli samanje sokuvuza, izivikeli ezingaphezu kwamandla kagesi.Ngethemba ukuthi kungaba usizo kuwo wonke umuntu.

1. Umehluko Phakathi Kwesivikeli Sokuhlinza Nokushintsha Kwekhefu Lomoya

(1).Surge uMvikeli

Idivayisi yokuvikela i-Surge (SPD), eyaziwa nangokuthi “isivikeli sombani” kanye “nesibambisi sombani”, iwukukhawulela ukuhlinzwa okukhiqizwa amandla esikhashana edlula amandla kumasekhethi kagesi nemigqa yokuxhumana ukuze kuvikelwe okokusebenza.Umgomo wayo wokusebenza ukuthi uma kukhona i-over-voltage esheshayo noma i-over-current emugqeni, isivikeli sokuhlinza sizovula futhi sikhiphe i-surge ekulayini siye phansi ngokushesha.

Amadivayisi ahlukene okuvikela angahlukaniswa abe izinhlobo ezimbili: isivikelo sokuhlinza kwamandla kanye nesivikeli sokuhlinzwa kwesignali.
i.Isivikeli sokuhlinza kwamandla singaba isivikelo sokuhlinza samandla sezinga lokuqala, noma isivikelo sokuhlinza samandla sezinga lesibili, noma isivikeli sokuhlinza samandla sezinga lesithathu, noma isivikeli sokuhlinza samandla sezinga lesine ngokuya ngomthamo ohlukile womthamo ofanayo.
ii.Izivikeli zokuhlinza kwesignali zingahlukaniswa ngezigaba : abavikeli bokuhlinzwa kwesignali yenethiwekhi, abavikeli bokuhlinzwa kwevidiyo, ukuqapha abavikeli bokuhlinzwa abathathu kokukodwa, abavikeli besignali abahlinzayo, izivikeli zokuhlinza zesignali ye-antenna, njll.

(2)Idivayisi Yamanje eyinsalela (RCB)

I-RCD ibizwa nangokuthi iswishi yamanje yokuvuza kanye ne-Residual Current Circuit Breaker (RCCB).Isetshenziswa kakhulu ukuvikela okokusebenza emaphutheni avuzayo kanye nokushaqeka kukagesi komuntu siqu okuyingozi ebulalayo.Inomsebenzi ogcwele kakhulu kanye nokuvikela isifunda esifushane futhi ingasetshenziswa ukuvikela isekethe noma i-motor ekulayisheni ngokweqile kanye nesekethe emfushane.Ingaphinde isetshenziselwe ukuguqulwa okungajwayelekile kanye nokuqala kwesekethe ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile.

Kukhona elinye igama le-RCD, elibizwa ngokuthi “Residual Current Circuit Breaker” elithola amandla asalayo.Ihlukaniswe kakhulu izingxenye ezintathu: i-elementi yokuthola, indlela yokukhulisa ephakathi nendawo kanye ne-actuator.

Isici sokutholwa - le ngxenye ifana ne-zero ukulandelana kwamanje kwe-transformer.Ingxenye eyinhloko iyindandatho yensimbi (ikhoyili) esongwe ngezintambo, futhi izintambo ezingathathi hlangothi neziphilayo zidlula kukhoyili.Isetshenziselwa ukuqapha yamanje.Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, kukhona intambo engathathi hlangothi kanye nentambo ephilayo kukhoyili.Isiqondiso samanje ngaphakathi kwezintambo ezimbili kufanele sihluke futhi ubukhulu bamanje bufana.Ngokuvamile isamba samavekhtha amabili singuziro.Uma kukhona ukuvuza kumjikelezo, ingxenye yamanje izophuma.Uma ukutholwa kwenziwa, isamba samavekhtha ngeke sibe uziro.Uma ithola ukuthi isamba samavekhtha ayi-0, into yokutholwa izodlulisela lesi siginali kusixhumanisi esimaphakathi.

I-Intermediate amplifying mechanism - isixhumanisi esimaphakathi sihlanganisa i-amplifier, isiqhathanisi kanye neyunithi yohambo.Uma isignali yokuvuza evela kusici sokuthola isitholiwe, isixhumanisi esimaphakathi sizokhuliswa futhi sidluliselwe ku-actuator.

I-actuating mechanism - lo mshini wakhiwe yi-electromagnetic kanye ne-lever.Ngemuva kokuthi isixhumanisi esimaphakathi sikhulise isignali yokuvuza, uzibuthe unikwa amandla okukhiqiza amandla kazibuthe, futhi i-lever idonselwa phansi ukuze kuqedelwe isenzo sokukhubeka.

(3) Isivikeli se-over-voltage

Isivikeli se-Overvoltage iyisisetshenziswa sikagesi esivikelayo esikhawulela umbani phezu kwe-voltage kanye nokusebenza ngokweqile kwe-oltage.Ngokuyinhloko isetshenziselwa ukuvikela ukufakwa kwemishini kagesi njengamajeneretha, ama-transformer, ama-vacuum switch, amabhasi, amamotho, njll. emonakalweni kagesi.

2. Umehluko Phakathi Kwezivikeli Zokuhlinza, i-RCB kanye Nezivikeli Zogesi Eziningi

(1) Umehluko Phakathi Kwe-Surge Protector kanye ne-RCD

i. I-RCD iyisisetshenziswa sikagesi esingaxhuma futhi sinqamule isekethe eyinhloko.Inemisebenzi yokuvikela ukuvuza (ukushaqeka kukagesi womzimba womuntu), ukuvikela ukugcwala ngokweqile (ukulayisha ngokweqile), nokuvikela isekethe emfishane (isifunda esifushane);

ii.Umsebenzi we-surge protector ukuvimbela umbani.Uma kunombani, uvikela amasekhethi nezinto zikagesi.Ayilawuli ulayini uma isiza ekuvikeleni.

Uma kukhona isifunda esifushane noma ukuvuza noma isifunda esifushane phansi kumjikelezo (njengalapho ikhebula liphukile, futhi lamanje lilikhulu kakhulu), i-RCD izohamba ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuze igweme ukushisa isifunda.Lapho i-voltage ikhuphuka ngokuzumayo noma ishaya umbani, isivikeli sokuhlinza singavikela isekethe ukugwema ukunwetshwa kobubanzi.Umvikeli ohlinzayo ngezinye izikhathi ubizwa ngokuthi i-lightning arrester ekuphileni kwansuku zonke.

(2) Umehluko phakathi koMvikeli Wokuhlinza kanye Nomvikeli Onamandla Kagesi

Nakuba zonke zinomsebenzi wokuvikela i-over-voltage, isivikeli sokuhlinza sivikela ezingozini ezibangelwa amandla kagesi aphezulu kanye namandla aphezulu abangelwa umbani.Isivikeli se-overvoltage sivikela ezingozini ezibangelwa umbani noma i-voltage yegridi eyeqile.Ngakho-ke, i-over-voltage kanye ne-over-current ebangelwa umbani kuyingozi kakhulu kunalokho okubangelwa igridi yamandla.

I-RCD ilawula i-current kuphela ngaphandle kokulawula i-voltage.Yengeza imisebenzi yokuvikela ukukhuphuka kanye nokuvikela i-voltage engaphezulu, i-RCD ingavikela i-current kanye ne-voltage ukuze igweme ukukhuphuka okungazelelwe kwamanje kanye ne-voltage elimaza umuntu namathuluzi.